Parent s Choices Affect Children - 2437 Words

Parent’s Choices Affect Children’s Choices Growing up, there was always a commotion around my house. I grew up with two older brothers that could win a medal for making noise. Despite their uncanny ability to annoy me, I still am very appreciative that I have them. My brothers have been so helpful and have taken care of me my whole life. They have been great examples to me and have taught me so much about life. It’s nice having someone who looks out for you no matter what. They are my lifelong friends that I grew up with just a bedroom away. There are so many inside jokes and we always have a ton of fun, even when we are just hanging around the house. I feel like growing up without them I wouldn’t be the person I am today. Brothers and sisters can have a huge impact on the type of person we grow up to be. I have many friends that are only children, so this makes me wonder- What is it like to be an only child? To begin my research, I looked for direct quote s from only children about what it is like to actually grow up without siblings. I found a quote from a Rolling Stone article called The Private Life of Natalie Portman where Portman said, â€Å"I would have never been an actress if I weren’t an only child, because my parents would never have let me be the star of the family at the expense of another child.† (Heath). This shows that without siblings you would get much more attention from your parents. This could lead to more opportunities because your parents wouldn’t have toShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Is A Growing Epidemic1297 Words   |  6 Pagesone-third of the children there are overweight, and by 2050 that number could rise to an alarming two-thirds (Phillips 2). There are many uncontrollable factors in childhood obesity such as the environment, income and genetics. However, parents are the most overlooked factor. Our children’s futures, with regard to their eating habits, are in the hands of their parents. Ultimately, children grow into adults who make their own choices, but parents can have a positive effect on the children s health in theirRead MoreWhat Is A Leader?1207 Words   |  5 Pageswork. The parent(s). Many forget that leadership begins at home. The most influential time of an individual falls between birth and 5 years old. This makes the parent(s) the most influential person in every individual’s life. Early Psychologists such as Erik Erickson (1963), Jean Paiget (1967) and Abraham Maslow (1970) all stressed the extreme need an infant and toddler have for attachment and environmental support. Everything ranging from the type of housing, presence of the parent(s) and the livingRead MoreEffects Of Parental Investment On Children853 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestment includes any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring’s chances of survival, at the cost of the parent’s ability to invest in other offspring (Travier, 1972). Since investing on themselves is as important as investing on their children, parents have to choose between caring for a child and acquiring the resources needed to insure their own productive and reproductive successes (Turner McAndrew, 2006). Th is choice can be influenced by the social, culturalRead MoreHow Does Divorce Affect Children?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHOW DOES DIVORCE AFFECT CHILDREN? By Angela Russell Suzanne Sutphin Soc201 March 19, 2016 HOW DOES DIVORCE AFFECT CHILDREN Introduction I. Statistics of Divorce A. Divorce rates in early 1900s 1. Reasons for divorce in early 1900s B. Divorce Rate in 2000s 1. Reasons for divorce in 2000s II. How kids handle divorce A. Attitude 1. School life 2. Home life B. Blame 1. One parent vs the other parent 2. Anger III. Helping kids handle the split A. Therapy 1. One on one therapy 2. Family counselingRead MoreThe Social Problems Of Children1652 Words   |  7 Pagesannually. That s more than double what it was in 1992 (Lagorio, 2007). Lawlor and Prothero (2002) cited recent numbers for the spending influence of children up to twelve years in the United States. These children controlled spending of $28 billion in 2000 from their own allowances and earnings, and also they influenced $250 billion of family spending. (Oates, Blades and Gunter, 2003, pg.401). In this paper, it will being explaining what social problems are caused when children are marketed to andRead MoreChildhood Testing For Late Onset Genetic Diseases1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture and can strain the relationship between parent and child. Yet, Dena Davis has been criticized for these claims in many publications, including a popular article by Mary Ann Sevick. In this paper, I will argue that children should not be forced to know their fate and show that the critics are not looking at the bigg er picture. Davis recognizes in the first part of the chapter that there are both advantages and disadvantages to having children tested in order to assess their carrier statusRead MoreLow Income And Low Academic Achievement1270 Words   |  6 Pagesworld revolves around money, but it does. Goals in life cannot be taken anywhere without money. Money is the most important thing when it comes to quality education. The children from low income families academic performance is highly affected. Low income families struggle with educating their children. Income and wealth can affect educational outcomes in a number of ways. Income has a direct impact on the affordability and accessibility of those educational services which charge fees or if transportRead MoreLow Income And Low Academic Achievement1270 Words   |  6 Pagesworld revolves around money, but it does. Goals in life cannot be taken anywhere without money. Money is the most important thing when it comes to quality education. The children from low income families academic performance is highly affected. Low income families struggle with educating their children. Income and wealth can affect educational outcomes in a number of ways. Income has a direct impact on the affordability and accessibility of those educational services which charge fees or if transportRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Income On Academic Performance1284 Words   |  6 Pagesworld revolves around money, but it does. Goals in life cannot be taken anywhere without money. Money is the most important thing when it comes to quality education. The children from low income families academic performance is highly affected. Low income families struggle with educating their children. Income and wealth can affect educational outcomes in a number of ways. Income has a direct impact on the affordability and accessibility of those educational services which charge fees or if transportRead MoreHow Broken Homes Affect Teens826 Words   |  4 PagesBroken Homes Affe ct Teens According to statistics 50% of children born to married parents today will experience the divorce of their parents before the age of 18. When parents have a divorce not only does it affect them but it also affects their kids, broken homes is a very big issue. Children have emotional damage and physical damage, this can lead to bad grades or even worse bad health. Children of all ages are affected by a divorce in someway. In 1980-1981 it was proven that children in repeated

Long Term Risk And Reward Missions - 1741 Words

Long term exposure in space poses multiple threats to astronauts who are tasked to complete high risk and reward missions. Some of the most prominent threats include loss of muscle mass, decrease in bone density, and weakening of the immune system. Other dangerous potential effects are alteration in circadian rhythms and exposure to radiation. Each effect either has current treatments, or are currently being researched to discover more effective forms to combat the potential dangers they pose. Since the beginning of time the human body has evolved to adapt to changes in surrounding environment, altering the physical and mental parts of the body. Adapting to changing environments is key to the survival of humans, because without these alterations the human body would become obsolete and left behind. This process of bodily change has not only been demonstrated throughout the history of mankind on Earth, but can also be seen from how the body attempts to change when exposed to foreign e nvironments, like space. Research and evidence from previous space travel expeditions have shown that the human body is subject to change, mostly negative, when exposed to long term space flight. There are multiple effects the body endures during space flight such as muscle atrophy, adjustments in bone structure, decreases in the capability of the immune system, and adjustments in circadian rhythm. For the majority of these adverse effects, research has been conducted to help protect andShow MoreRelatedMission Statement For Rare Promotions796 Words   |  4 PagesContest actively engages our target market with a fun activity since millennials market to millennials by creating creative videos promoting the Point Rewards System and the importance of recycling, for major prizes up to $25k, gift cards, points, and clothing from our sustainable line - huge incentives. This contest solves problems by conveying the rewards associated with the program and the importance of recycling as re cycling is not a huge priority for most millennials. Later, winners also post a videoRead MoreThe Theories And Applications For Different Levels Of Employees973 Words   |  4 Pagesfailure by employees to make good decisions, confront negative news, and make a substantial business case for fast action, and then the HR methods that may have influenced those decisions. The HR procedures should be taken into accounts which include rewards procedures, training procedures, performance management methods, and the hiring system. Objective The chief objective of the research is to identify the trials encountered by the HRD and how to solve those challenges. We will find the nature andRead More12O Clock High1372 Words   |  6 Pagestwo men. The primary causes of the division s transformation under Savage include: • A leader with a vision who can see the bigger picture. • Focusing on critical tasks and not on relationships. • Addressing performance gaps. • Meaningful reward systems and punishments • Instilling a sense of pride and self confidence to the group . Introduction The analysis presented in this paper has been done with an aim to answer one fundamental question: Why did Brigadier Savage succeed in transformingRead MoreNamaste Solar Case Study Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the mission of Namaste Solar? How does the mission reflect the company’s values? Explain. The mission statement of Namaste Solar is â€Å"to propagate the responsible use of solar energy, pioneer, conscientious business practices and create holistic wealth for our community which benefits all stakeholders equally- customers, employees, investors, and the environment.† The mission statement reflects the company’s values because they direct explain how the values or linked the mission statementRead MoreHarper Reiman Inc.1683 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness solutions, risk management, innovation services and infrastructure consulting. The company grew tremendously with sales in 2013 for $29 million. Harper Reiman designed a payment system where the payment made more into donations in season’s time. There software was sold nationwide. The situation they have is before they begin their expansion they want to evaluate the firm’s financial health. 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Those w ho make it to tomorrow must continue with the mission, even though they may have handled their best friends remains the day before. A supportive leader must acknowledge this hardship and deal with the well fair of the member to push through the mission. This approach is especially important in the military because we often feel like numbers as opposed to people. Leaders, who use this method, developRead Moreâ€Å"Organisations that fail to plan are planning to fail† this quote by Benjamin Franklin can be taken1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe goals and standards that facilitate control. Finally it further provides a form of competitive advantage over individual and businesses competitors. The most popular ways to describe plans are in terms of their breadth this meaning tactical vs. strategy, time frame either long term or short term plan, specificity this could be directional vs. specific. Finally this last way to describe a plan is frequency of use, which can be for single use vs. standing meaning that the plan would stay implementedRead MoreMission Command Reflection Paper1583 Words   |  7 PagesA Reflection on Mission Command In the early morning hours of 04 June 2010, I was flying high in a C-17 Airforce Aircraft above Fort Bragg, North Carolina. I was fully rigged for a combat equipped parachute jump onto one of Fort Bragg’s drop zone. I was assigned as a platoon sergeant and the senior leader of the squadron reserve force for this mission. The reserve force consisted of twelve paratroopers and three combat loaded humvees ready to be heavy dropped by parachute. The paratroopers andRead MoreSame Risks Of Private Vs Public972 Words   |  4 PagesSame risks in private versus public? Although subtle, differences do exist between publicly traded company and privately held companies. Public companies use the compensation plans as a tool to deliver the â€Å"right† amount of compensation such that it does not lead to unwanted scrutiny, whereas private companies wish to drive value creation. This difference reflects a distinction in the incentives and constraint of their governance structure. Indeed, the board of directors of public companies is composed

Hospitality Industry Products and Process Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality Industry for Products and Process Innovation. Answer: Introduction According to McManus (2013), with a growth in the population, the Australian hospitality industry makes it to list of fastest growing industries in the world. In addition to offering employment to more than 270,000 residents of the nation It sufficiently contributes to the country`s national revenue. The hospitality industry is mainly divided into three different categories of accommodation, food and tourism sectors. In comparison to the other segments of the hospitality industry, the food market has been effectively providing the crowd with products and services that meet their needs. Business giants successfully capture market opportunities and focus on social welfare at the same time. Also, a continuous development of production techniques allows Australia to diversify in goods. Moreover, the nation marks its way into being among the top ten wine producing countries in the world. Financial reports prove there has been a remarkable increment in the manufacturing of food and beverages (Food Beverage, 2016). Being surrounded by three oceans Australia faces a broad climate difference from the rest of the world which enables a vast range produce. The friendly and the easily adaptable nature of the workforce along with the specialized skills are achieved by the food and beverage industry with the help of the enhanced education and training system implemented by the government. The project takes into consideration a theory of competitive advantage and value change analysis used by business managers to meet their company goals and objectives. Further, the report analyses Sydney`s market competition and studies the menu engineering strategies practiced by food and beverage companies to maximize profits. Also, a detailed study of the business and its relationship with competitive advantage and value change policies has also been included. Competitive advantage and Value chain research In modern business world, profitability of a company greatly depends on an efficient marketing mix and smooth functioning. Despite of a remarkable success of the FB industry the country has recently faced competitions from international markets. As stated by Mabry (2012), the concept of competitive advantage can be defined as the factors that enable a company to manufacture products and services at a comparatively lower price and in a more appealing manner for consumers. A business plan based on such conditions enable a organisation to emerge superior to its rival companies. Typically, the policy of competitive advantage include a array of factors like cost framework, brand royalty, diversification of products, channels of distribution and consumer service. In terms of a sustainable future and an advantage over competitors a firm significantly depends on a strong competitive advantage strategy. The Australian FB industry divides the policy into two types, comparative and differential schemes. On the other hand a value chain analysis refers to extensive activities that a company undergoes to conceive a final product and sell the good to a consumer (Ni Mhurchu, et al. 2013). It is the duty of business managers to study every production step immensely and bring in changes as and when required to lower total production cost and thereby increase profits. Australian leading companies like Fonterra and Lion Nathan distributes the manufacturing procedure into five broad categories each of which provides an opportunity for the firm to maximize capabilities and set up a proportional relationship to competitive advantage. The practice of competitive advantage mix promotes the idea of selling products at a cheap cost to achieve a higher revenue surplus. Residents of Australia aim to maximise utility and cost value of a good. In relation to Weissman (2014), cheap costing substitutes offered by companies attract a wide range of consumers and also eventually meet stakeholder`s expectations. Competition in food and beverage industry (Sydney) The food and beverage industry in the hospitality sector of Australia is one of the most competitive areas. The competition nature of the FB industry in Sydney refers to the dynamic external system in which the organization operates. The competition of the food and beverage industry increases as the number of sellers increases who offers similar kind of goods and services to customers. In Sydney, there are a number of fast food centres for the customers to choose from that enhances the competitiveness in the market. There are two types of competitive nature prevailing in the food and beverage industry of Sydney which are the direct competition and the indirect competition. In the direct competition the competitors offers and sells products and services that are of similar kind. The Parmalat and the Goodman Fielder operates in the direct competitive nature. Confronting to Hollensen (2015), in case of an indirect competitive environment, the competitors of the food and beverage industry in Sydney compete with one another even though they offer different products and services to the customers. The products provided by the competitors are close substitutes for each other which cause the competition as the companies try to retain more of the customers so as to prevent the customers from switching the brand. In the food and beverage industry of Sydney, the companies intend to differentiate the products and services offered by them to increase the sales and revenue of the enterprise. According to Lammers Ryll (2016), the food and beverage sectors retail food and beverage merchandise from the locations that are from the fixed point of sale. The organizations involve the use of specialized equipments such as freezers, refrigerators and other gadgets for the business. Moreover, the staffs of the organization are trained in order to achieve the objective of healthy and safe storage and sanitary conditions. However, the food and beverage industry in Sydney has been facing increased competition and the price pressure in the business. There has been lower shelf price and increase in the price of the commodity experienced by the ingredient suppliers and the food makers in the industry. As per PhiIlipov (2015), the cost challenge is met by the food and beverage firms by achieving a critical mass via consolidation and higher economies of scale. The companies are able to build a stronger position in the competitive market by gaining the leverage. This further helps the company to deal with the high demand of the customers. The food and beverage industry in Sydney serves the needs of the customers through industry specific solutions. The organizations operates in the overall supply chain that includes all the processes from development to delivery. Management of companies innovates and develops the IT system in order to meet the challenges in the competitive market of food and beverage industry in Sydney (Green et al., 2015). Majority of the organizations in the industry uses the ERP system to support the streamline planning, future forecasting and the accounting system to ensure better productivity of the business. Therefore, it can be stated that although the food and beverage industries in Sydney confronts a high competitive nature, it is able to deal with the competitive nature effectively. Value Chain analysis and Competitive Advantage in Australian FB companies According to Soosay, Fearne Dent (2012), the value chain analysis is a tool that is used by the bars and the up-markets in Australia in order to identify the primary and the other organizational activities that help to add values to the finished or the final products of the companies. The value chain analysis contributes to analyzing the actions of the organizations in order to minimize the cost of the products and maximize the product differentiation that is required to sustain in the competitive market. The value chain analysis includes all the internal activities involved in transforming the inputs into desirable outputs. The supply chain of the bars and the upmarket restaurants is an evolving shopping process. The provision of the products and services are regulated by the demand of the products from the customers. It has been mentioned that the chain operates efficiently and there is a proper balance in the ordering of the final product. As stated in Grunert, Traill (2012), factors like product, place, promotion and price or the 4P theory plays a major role in the illustration of these concepts in the bars and upmarket restaurants operating in Australia. The products offered by the firm needs to be developed through strategic ideas such that the customers are able to understand how and when to spend the money. Therefore, the menu needs to be designed based on the customer wants and this can be effectively achieved through proper market research. The price of the products set by the bars and the upmarket needs to be competitive and within the affordable range of the customers. As per Ho, Yang Hung (2015), customers prefer good quality food within the nominal budget. Therefore, the companies need to develop products that are cost effective to reduce the price of the outputs. Choosing the correct place with a view of selling the products has to be decided correctly. The products need to be sold in the areas in larger amount where the number of the potential customers is high. A menu of the restaurants must be set based on the taste, preference, and culture of the clients in the particular place. The primary objective of advertisement and promotion is to reach out to more customers by making them aware of the products and the services offered by the organizations (Cadez Guilding, 2012). Effective promotion can lead to increase in the sales and revenue of the bars and upmarket restaurant in Australia. Firms like Lion, Dick Smith Ltd and De Bortoli emphasize the implementation of well organized promotional techniques to attract customers. Large corporations enjoy a broad range of competitive advantage over their rivals. Also, it with high skilled management and a enlargement of restaurant chains Attica and Bills effectively add value to their brands. The success of a beverage company depends heavily on a theory of VC analysis. Being among the leading exporters of wines, Australian companies are significantly influenced by the international market. A fluency of communication between several high turnover companies enables domestic firms to increase managerial efficiency and lea rn about new production techniques. According to Hatch Howland (2015), it is the people of the nation who benefit the most from the extensive competition within brands. On the other hand mediocre companies like Mars and Bindaree Beef focus more on the process of outbound logistics. Delivering of goods, pricing and after sales service are of great importance to them. While, Nelson Wines, Treasury Estates, Casella and several other high yielding beverage companies harness the theory of Economic Moat. Furthermore, in recent years the wine industry has presented a significant rise with an export of 263ml of high quality wine mainly to UK (Piankova, 2014). Menu Engineering Australian FB brands discreetly analyse the popularity of their offered products and arrange them accordingly for a better profit generation. The strategy of menu engineering is practised by companies with a simple goal to maximise annual turnover. A well organised arrangement of food and beverage items can escalate a restaurant`s profits by 10%-15% on a daily basis. According to Theng Loo (2012), it is the duty of a brands management to study the customer demands and execute changes when requires. Typically the process of menu-engineering is divided into four segments of costing, categorizing, designing and testing. Australian restaurants primarily focus on the preliminary step of product costing to attract customers. In adherence to Linassi, Alberton Marinho (2016), it can be seen most of the FB companies do not carry the costing of their menu effectively. Categorizing of items on the menu and an attracting design are equally important to conduct a well-developed menu construction . Finally, company supervisors test the customers response to the newly implemented menu. With the help of popularity information of the several offered products, managers subdivide the menu into four different segments of horse (highly popular with small profits), star (high revenue from increased popularity), dog (less popular resulting low yield) and puzzle (large earnings from shallow popularity). Also, upmarket restaurants and bars in Australia feed on the peoples psychology and an efficient management system to build up an active menu order. FB industry giants emphasize the need for carrying out the process of menu-engineering by a single person who is always in contact with the visitors and energetically take part in company decisions. A successful designing and exercising of this strategy enhances cost minimisation and thereby affects profit ratio. According to Reale Flint (2016), in addition to an immense study of customer behaviours and their different buying patterns, supervisors often seek the help of restaurant specialists and menu advisors when it comes to designing and promoting of the menu card. The removing of currency signs as a prefix to product process in one of the advancement that provoked better earnings. Often restaurants invoke the need for a better promotion by introducing combo plans and highlighting items that need to be sold most in the menu. Moreover, the presentation element also plays a vital role in affecting a consumer`s decision. As opined by Smith Pititto (2014), increased visual, alignment of prices and a diversification of designing patterns are some of the important factors that influence visitors. Menu card as such of Fonterra and Accolade Wines act as examples to other food and beverage companies and also have proved a noticeable increment of 60% profit margin. In addition, the concepts of Happy Hours and House Specials have sufficiently gained a better reaction of the Australian people (Guy, 2016). Further, an inclusion of product description creates an increased hunger and desire. The prosperity of a company greatly depends on a restaurants or bar s ability to understand the feedbacks of their targeted customers and undergo changes as and when required. According to Lang Heasman (2015), flexibility in production pricing and adaptability to the environment greatly affects profitability of a firm. Analysing the current situation of the Australian market, organisations need to work in a more efficient way to a secure a more sustainable future and to gain a better competitive advantage. Conclusion The food and beverage industry form a major part of the Australian market concerning investments. Since the development and introduction of new policies and strategies by the government and companies, the nation's FB industry has proved to offer tempting long-term returns with a comparatively less amount of risk than other industry segments. Along with stability, companies in this industry are highly creative in nature. A constant evolution of products, pricing and marketing strategies provide brands with a sense of competitive advantage. Furthermore, the study of value chain structure and its implication by restaurants and bars provides a better growth opportunity for business firms. Australia being a developed country and highly adaptive in nature faces an immense competition at the international as well as domestic levels. The restaurants deal in the same line of product and often in order to attract more customers focus on developing best quality substitute goods. From the above report, it can be inferred that for a sustainable future organizations need to continuously keep an eye for undertaking new developments in the functioning. Business giants in addition to fulfilling revenue requirements also put a spotlight on attending to societal welfare. Being among the top ten exporters of wine, the government of the country takes deep interest in providing beverage companies with a number of facilities to gain better knowledge about the taste and preferences of the world. Analyzing the Australian FB industry and intensely studying its determinants it can be concluded that with an effective managerial efficiency and a practice of menu-engineering brands aim to accomplish the target of becoming the worlds one of the most dominating and influential sectors. References Cadez, S., Guilding, C. (2012). Strategy, strategic management accounting and performance: A configurational analysis.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(3), 484-501. doi:10.1108/02635571211210086 Food Beverage. (2016).Foodmag.com.au. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://foodmag.com.au/ Green, R., Agarwal, R., Brown, P. J., Bajada, C., Shashnov, M. (2015). Innovation Capability and the Food Beverage and agri-business sectors. Grunert, K. G., Traill, B. (2012).Products and process innovation in the food industry. Springer Science Business Media. Guy, S. (2016). Wine australia: Exporting australian fine wine to the world.Wine Viticulture Journal,31(1), 9. Hatch, N. W., Howland, C. (2015, January). When Does Competitive Advantage Improve Customer Welfare?. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 18091). Academy of Management. Ho, C. T. B., Yang, J. M. D., Hung, C. S. V. (2015). The Factors of Information System Success: An Example of Customer Relationship Management Implementation in Food Beverage Industry.International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning,5(3), 114. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Lammers, J. L. C., Ryll, K. (2016). Brand New Food-Brand Positioning of Entrepreneurial Innovation: A Multiple Case Study in the Food Industry. Lang, T., Heasman, M. (2015).Food wars: The global battle for mouths, minds and markets. Routledge. Linassi, R., Alberton, A., Marinho, S. V. (2016). Menu engineering and activity-based costing: an improved method of menu planning.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(7). Mabry, L. (2012). competitive advantage.Knowledge Quest,40(3), 66 McManus, L. (2013). Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 140-152. Ni Mhurchu, C., Vandevijvere, S., Waterlander, W., Thornton, L. E., Kelly, B., Cameron, A. J.INFORMAS. (2013). Monitoring the availability of healthy and unhealthy foods and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ alcoholic beverages in community and consumer retail food environments globally.Obesity Reviews,14(S1), 108-119. doi:10.1111/obr.12080 PhiIlipov, M. (2015). Food TV: An effective strategy for food and beverage marketing?Food Australia,67(4), 31-34. Piankova, O. (2014). food and beverage brand development: Global trends and directions for ukraine.Economics Sociology,7(2), 149. Reale, S., Flint, S. W. (2016). The impact of menu label design on visual attention, food choice and recognition: An eye tracking study: FOOD CHOICE.Journal of Sensory Studies,31(4), 328-340. doi:10.1111/joss.12216 Smith, L., Pititto, T. (2014). M and A activity in the food and beverage sector.Food Australia,66(4), 24-27. Soosay, C., Fearne, A., Dent, B. (2012). Sustainable value chain analysis-A case study of Oxford Landing from vine to dine.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 68-77. Theng Loo, P. (2012).Food and beverage management for the hospitality, tourism and event industriesTaylor Francis Group. doi:10.1080/13032917.2012.664067 Weissman, A. (2014). What fuels australian ambition? food.Travel Weekly,73(3), 12.

Working in partnership free essay sample

There are different philosophies and concepts of how to work in partnership in health and social care practices. Empowerment: this means to allow the patients to speak up about the care they want to receive or if they would rather some other care, if the patient can’t speak you allow them to be able to write down what they want and think about the care plan and enable them to self-medicate. Team working or division of labour: this can help make work easy if health workers work together to achieve the same goal, value each other’s opinion and share the work load so it makes it easy for everyone working. Equality: treat everyone equal, be respectful to all service users and listen to each other. Shared decision making: allowing patients to make decision about the care they want to receive. The government sets legislations that give a clear guideline to healthcare setting managers no how to develop policies for effective partnership working. We will write a custom essay sample on Working in partnership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not following the acts set by the government can lead to prosecution and cost the healthcare setting a lot of money. The Anti-Discrimination Act 1999 defines how to practice care without discriminating, while protecting service users from discrimination because of their sex, age, gender and so on: for example if a gay patient walk into the hospital wanting care, they have the right to be treated fairly regardless of the health worker personal believes about gay people. Human Rights Act 1998 defines people’s human rights: for example if a female Muslim patient wants to be seen by a woman doctor rather than a male doctor, the health care settings has to respect her religious believes and get her a female doctor, in do so they are effectively following the Act. Primary care trust is made up of walk in centres, dentists, GPs and so on (funded by local council), secondary care trust is made of the A+E and hospitals and so on. Unfortunately patients have come to secondary care trusts for care, when they could have went to primary care trust as a result the government has had to review the Health and Social Care Act 2012 and after the review they have decided to combine primary care trusts and secondary care trusts to save the government money. Differences in healthcare emerge from lack of knowledge, different religious believes, deference in culture, different culture, age gaps, healthcare practices not being trusted maybe because of lack of care in the practice and so on. The Data Protection Act 1984 is meant to make sure personal information is kept private and accessed by the right staff: if a patient’s medical history was assessed by the wrong person or if the health worker was to discuss it with people that don’t need to know the history this can lead to differences between the patient and doctor or the practice, this would be a break of confidently. Protection from Harassment act 1997 is meant to make sure services users are not to be troubled, tormented, pushed or touched inappropriately by other services users: for example if a manager was treating a health worker because they refuse to go out with them, this can lead to differences in the practice. To avoid problems like these in healthcare settings, service users have to be treated fairly, equally, listened to and work together. Working in Partnership free essay sample Working in partnership in health and social care sector is seen as an effective and embracing strategy for the successful delivery of services for the service providers as well as the service users. According to Glendinning et al. (2002, p. 3), and Sullivan and Skelcher (2002), partnership working would involve at least two agencies with common interests of interdependencies and require a degree of trust, equality, a shared responsibility and an intention to deliver benefits or added values which could not have been achieved by a sole agency acting alone. Therefore, in this essay various concepts for building effective partnership relationships to achieve positive outcomes will be discussed in detail. LO1 There are 6 different philosophies generally acknowledged and aspired to be fulfilled in health and social care partnership working which are as explained below. At first, Autonomy is conceptualised as ‘self-determination in health care ethics, which means if a person is autonomous, he or she can make own decisions regarding treatment and care’ (Widdershoven and Abma, 2012, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Working in Partnership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 217). Independence indicates playing self-governing roles around everything to do with oneself (Beales and Platz, 2008). For instance, allowing an elderly client to conduct easy daily tasks on her own and waiting till the completion of task can promote an independent achievement of the service user. At third, making informed choices implies ‘building up a picture of the available options, and understandable, relevant and high-quality information to compare the advantages and disadvantages of each for decision-making’ (Ovretveit, 1996; Rosen et al. , 2005, p. 8). In order to facilitate utmost choice from the service user side, the information given from the service provider should include what, where, when and how things can be done. Furthermore, empowerment is about ‘enabling people to take control over their lives through choices and be as independent as possible’ (Rasheed et al. , 2010, p, 24). As an important concept in the partnership relationships between the service providers and users, empowering clients could leads them to an achievement of autonomy, independence and making choices in their life. For instance, giving information and possible treatment options and arranging regular health check-ups at a GP for a patient and a family member would allow the patient to organise proper dietary plan and take right dose of medication at right time with an assistance of family members and a home carer. It may also bring a more independent and autonomous self-image to the patient about him or herself, and a stronger responsibility of own health condition through self decision-making process under the empowerment philosophy. At fifth, in the service user and provider relationships respect can be described ‘as a set of attitudes and behaviours displayed towards an individual or group which demonstrates politeness and consideration’ (NHS Dorset and Dorset County Council, 2009, p. 4). The feeling of being respected could be achieved for instance, when service user’s wish, interests and personal values are prioritised in care provision, and when there is an active service user inclusion in decision-making regarding to service provision. Finally, power sharing is seen as ‘sharing of government responsibility and political co-operation between the two partners’ (Gottlieb et al. , 2005, p. 8). Specifically, among health and social care service professionals and providers, power sharing may be the prerequisite factor to develop a collaborative partnership relationship. For instance, when two different professionals, such as carers and nurses, work together in a team as a form of partnership work, certain responsibilities in professional conduct or perspectives could differ from each other. In this case, these two different parties should reach to an agreement of shared objectives within the team in relation to work delegation balancing the possession of power, and be open to constructive feedback and ideas through developing a frank partnership relationship (Department of Health (DH), 2004). There are three different levels of partnership relationships, which are firstly, between the service users and service providers, secondly, among the health care and social care service professionals, and thirdly, among the health and social care organisations. In the case of the service user provider partnership relationship, there are several factors to consider in order achieving positive outcomes, and these positive outcomes may be linked to the accomplishment of user’s needs. Therefore, in the partner relationship, understanding and fulfilling the specific needs of the service users are critical. For instance, by using a person-centred approach, a social worker could learn about a particular client as a whole through effective communication, and customise certain healthcare and social services according to the preference and wish of the client. This process would increase satisfaction and contribution level of the user as he or she and the social worker cooperatively produce service plan, and after all, it could lead to positive partnership relationship. Secondly, among the various health and social care professionals, their skills and abilities of working within a team may be the fundamental factor to maintain an effective partnership. Different professionals, such as nurses, carers, social workers and physiotherapist have their own specialty and knowledge in particular areas. In order to pool their different skills, abilities and commitment, they need to be open to exchange ideas, encompass diverse professional areas, and clearly define work responsibilities (Greig and Poxton, 2001). For instance, when I was volunteering in a nursing home for the elderly, every staff who works in a team had to attend at meetings before and after they provide daily service. Throughout the team meeting, each professional was able to share necessary information and audit each other’s given duties within their work roles in order to achieve team goals which eventually link to the improved service quality. As collaborative partners, each one had to make own contribution to the team performance, and when one does not achieve individual task, another member of the team became a mentor to advise and pull the potential ability by motivating the colleague. Thirdly, among health and social care organisations or agencies, successful partnership relationship may rely on various factors, such as understanding organisational cultures and behaviours, integrated objectives and policy making, agreement over the use of pooled resources and performance audit arrangement (Poxton, 2004). Partner healthcare organisations, for instance, a GP and secondary care trust, will have to delegate work roles and functions to each other by developing an integrated policy framework over the use of funds and arrangement to transfer patients from one to another organisation without delay of service. -Words count 954- LO2 There are 4 different types of partnership working models found in health and social care settings, which are (1) integrated model, (2) coordinated model, (3) coalition model, and (4) hybrid model. Firstly, the integrated model indicates structurally unified health and social care services which deliver seamless service provision to the public (Scottish Office, 1997, p. 2), and is found in Northern Ireland NHS. In this model, there is one single Trust which governs and provides both health and social care services therefore, service provision is well-organised through the close partnership between health care and social care professionals under one unified and agreed objectives and policy framework. As advantages of this model compared to the other models, service users could be transferred to one service (health care) to another (social care) at right time without delay and possibly less blame culture between the two parties exists. Nevertheless, partnership working between NHS and social care sector in this model raises a concern of a loss of control and power over the resource distribution in social care side due to health care system priorities (Carnwell and Buchana, 2004). Secondly, in the coordinated model, each health care, social care and many other organisations are functionally independent, autonomous and specialised in certain area but they coordinate to reduce any possible gaps within the service provisions, and there is no single authority to govern overall system, such as England NHS (Douglas, 2009). On one hand, compared to the integrated model, this model could advantage of balanced power sharing between different agencies and a system of pooled funds can take place which may lead to fair resource distribution due to health and social care divide. On the other hand, there could be duplication of health or social care service provision and time delay in the transfer of one service to another for the patients. Thirdly, coalition model refers to a collaboration taking place among various professionals or agencies in their own self-interest, but to achieve mutual targets for a common cause (Coalition of Care and Support Providers in Scotland, 2012). This is also called as a joint action which partners share information, skills and resources for a certain period of time till each entity accomplishes their mutual targets. Unlike to the integrated model, each health care and social care agency has separate roles and responsibilities, developed under respective organisational policies except for the overlapping areas where collaboration with another agency are necessarily required. Finally, hybrid model is the mixture form of the other three models discussed above. This model extracts advantageous features from each partnership relationship models and seeks for appropriate degree of partner-relationships in order to minimise limitations of each models. Therefore, it has similarities and dissimilarities compared to the other different models. Current Acts, policies and practices of organisation for partnership working entail more or less the same purpose and requirements to the health and social care professionals and organisations to conform to certain guidelines. In other words, organisational policies and standards of professional conducts are actually in line with the context of legislative frameworks. The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (DH, 2012) outlines the reform plan of NHS system which is the replacement of Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) and their roles to clinical commissioning groups, who are GPs and other clinicians, to allow greater accountability for using local resources efficiently under the support of NHS Commissioning Board. This Act aims at integrated and more accessible service provision placing the need of local people and patient in the centre, which would reduce unnecessary costs and time consumed during the administration work. Secondly, the Equality Act 2010 (The National Archives, 2010) protects people who have different characteristics on the ground of disability, race, marriage status, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation from being discriminated in the case of employment, perception, association, payment, access to health care and social services and so on. Accordingly, in the organisational policies and practices, these legislations are implemented as guidelines for the professionals to produce effective partnership work. For instance, as a self-commissioning body, the practitioners of local clinics would assess the health care needs of the population and delegate necessary services to other health care organisations as they develop mutual organisational policy frameworks. Also, service providers of nursing homes would respect religious and cultural diversity of the service users and adopt an equal approach towards the disabled people as a good organisational practice. In a partnership relationship, each professional and agency should agree and develop a partnership-based approach toward their joint-work (Dalrymple and Burke, 2006). If there are different terms and conditions applied to the joint services, it could hinder different professionals to act as a team and the smooth delivery of service to be in place. When there are differences in work practice in the partnership relationship of two separate GPs, they could simply encounter a number of conflicting situations resulting in onfusion to the patients. For instance, one patient who has complex needs to be dealt with various health and social care professionals, such as home carers and district nurses, for different services could experience repeated assessment process to identify what service was already given by other service provider, and it may be hard to achieve consistent and integrated service provision. When complaints arise, both carer and nurse could blame for the dissatisfaction of t he patient to the other partner as well. Similarly, absence of integrated policy in the different agencies could cause difficulties to equally pool and share resources, and achieve equal power-sharing among professionals because when there is no guideline or policy regulating partnership work standard, one party who has more power is likely to monopolise the resources, and therefore successful partnership relationship cannot be achieved. Words count 953- LO3 In partnership working, there are various possible outcomes that could be generated in each partnership relationship levels. Firstly, from the service user side, possible positive and negative outcomes could be increased chances to make informed choices and improved quality of life, but there could be abuse, confusion caused by miscommunication or information overload, and neglect. For instance, when an elderly client is cared by nurses or carers who have ability to share information and knowledge regarding the medical condition of client, such as what dietary plan should be followed and the cause of certain symptoms the client suffers, and it would lead the client to change some diet habits and make right choices. Through the professional engagement with informative knowledge, the life of client could be much more supported and improved. Whereas, as this relationship involves external service providers rather than family carers, there is a chance of any form of abuse to take place if the positive and healthy relationship are not built between the client and professionals. Also, excessive advice given from different professionals that may be incompatible with each one could cause confusion to the client. In the case where the health care and social divide takes place, there is a possibility for service providing professionals to deny own accountability and blame other parties if there are complaints raised in the process of transfer, and f this situation continues, the client could be neglected rather than placed in the centre of the service. Secondly, among different health and social care professionals the positive outcomes could be the increased reciprocity or support as each professional can make contribution that complements each other’s skills, and therefore prevented mistakes, and coordinated service pro vision but as negative outcomes time wasting and miscommunication could be listed. As different professionals work as a partner or a team, each member of the team could pool strengths on skills and abilities to support another member of the professionals, and it could lead to reduced mistakes as each member monitor and complement weakness of other professionals. In the domiciliary care setting, a nurse and a carer can schedule certain tasks, for instance, changing bandages on the wound of the client from a nurse side, and it can be communicated to a carer such as not to contact water or apply medication cream on that area as a coordinated service. However, when an integrated service is required from different professionals in order to produce a care plan, different professionals would have to receive information about the result of assessment and produce work based on an agreed time scale, however, if one party does not perform the duty on time, the other party is likely to waste time and the integrated service provision could be delayed. Finally, in a partnership relationship among organisations, integrated service provision, the expansion of service domain and increased available resources can be the positive outcomes, but disjointed work, loss of shared purpose and blame-culture followed are the negative outcomes. For instance, if two GPs in different district work collaboratively providing coordinated service, they would pool resources such as funds and capabilities for greater purpose for the both parties to meet their self-interests as well as common purpose, and they could stretch their client group by encompassing more patients from the other areas. On the other hand, when the two service providers do not agree with mutual outcomes to be achieved and rather focus on their own self-benefits, the joint work could easily collapse in the middle of partnership work and they could end up with blaming each other. Further potential barriers in the health and social care service partnership could be lack of communication, absence of information sharing, and different priorities and values. In my experience, if carers face emergent situation in one client’s house or when there is traffic congestion, the next visit to the second client can be delayed therefore, carers normally inform the office manager or coordinator to make notification to the client. However, when the carer reaches to the client, it was often found that the client had not been informed about the delay and as a result, the client was feeling frustrated due to the absence of message delivery in communication process between the service provider and the user. Similarly, absence of information sharing could lead to duplication of the service provision to the service users. In some cases, due to an absence of collaborative work practice, policy and patronising attitude towards other professional partner, based on their vocational status or position, could be the cause of not sharing critical information for the service provision. Also, having different priorities and organisational or personal values could cause disagreement over collaborative work and lead negative outcomes to be generated. Therefore, to generate positive outcomes, as mentioned in the philosophies of working in partnership, service providers must preserve autonomy of service users and empower them as much as they can in order to prevent any abuse, neglect and confusion from taking place, and discreetly select communication mechanisms and comprehensible terms to avoid miscommunication as well as information overload. Moreover, among different professionals and service providing organisations, to equip with professional approach by considering each partner as an equal entity and coordinate comprehensive service delivery devised by organised communication schemes and common work practice in terms of information sharing, converging different priorities and values, and audit partners’ performance would be the fundamental strategies to achieve positive outcomes in the health and social care settings.